How to Learn Adjectives and Adverbs
ADJECTIVES
We use adjectives to describe
nouns and pronouns. Adjectives can come before nouns or after linking
verbs.
Before the noun:
·
He dropped the hot plate.
·
I have a black cat.
·
The small boy ran down the
street.
·
What a beautiful view!
After a linking verb:
·
He seems tired.
·
The view is beautiful.
·
The weather became cold.
·
My cat is black.
(Linking verbs are verbs like
'be', 'become' and 'seem' which are not actions but instead link the
subject to an adjective, noun or
phrase that gives us more information about the subject.)
We make the comparative and
superlative of adjectives by adding either ‘-er / -est’ or using ‘more /
most’.
·
She is tall.
·
She is taller than her
sister.
·
She is the tallest person
in the class.
ADVERBS
Adverbs are used to describe
verbs, adjectives or other adverbs. They are often (but not always) made
by adding 'ly' to the adjective.
·
I walked slowly ('slowly'
tells us about the verb 'walk').
·
They worked quickly.
We make the comparative and
superlative forms of adverbs by using 'more / most'.
·
She sang loudly.
·
She sang more loudly than
her friend.
·
She sang most loudly in the
class.
Adverb or adjective?
It's important to remember to use
an adjective after a linking verb. However, this can be tricky as some verbs
can be used as both normal verbs and as linking verbs. One test is to replace
the verb with the same form of 'be' and see if the sentence still makes sense.
If it does, the verb is being used as a linking verb and so needs an adjective,
not an adverb.
· He smells the hot soup carefully. (Here we are talking about the action of smelling and using smell as a normal verb, so we need an adverb.)
· He smells the hot soup carefully. (Here we are talking about the action of smelling and using smell as a normal verb, so we need an adverb.)
· The soup smells good. (Here
we are using 'smell' as a linking verb, to describe the soup. We can replace
'smells' with 'is' and the sentence still makes sense. So, we need an
adjective.)
·
He looked tiredly at the
dirty kitchen. (Here we are talking about the action of looking and using
'look' as a normal verb, so we use an adverb to describe the way of looking.)
·
You look beautiful. (Here
we are using 'look' as a linking verb, to give more information about the
person. We can replace 'look' with 'are' and the sentence still makes sense. So
we need an adjective.)
Irregular
forms
Normally, we make an adverb by adding 'ly' to an adjective.
careful (adjective)
He is always careful.
|
carefully (adverb)
She put the glasses down carefully.
|
quiet (adjective)
This is a quiet room.
|
quietly (adverb)
She spoke quietly.
|
bad (adjective)
This coffee is bad!
|
badly (adverb)
He sings badly!
|
If the adjective ends in 'y', we change 'y' to 'i' and add
‘ly’. If the adjective ends in 'le', we drop 'e' and add 'y'.
happy (adjective)
She looks very happy.
|
happily (adverb)
He sang happily.
|
gentle (adjective)
It's a gentle cat.
|
gently (adverb)
He stroked the cat gently.
|
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